*Choose from these courses if planning to complete a minor (a minimum of 20 units).

ART 300: Art Fundamentals (3 units)

• This course is designed to introduce studio art, art history, art criticism and aesthetics to the future elementary school teacher. This class will provide a foundation for life-long learning within the art discipline. Competencies pertaining to art instruction will be developed through various art experiences based upon art education theory and practice.

BIOL 101L: Principles of Biology (4 units)

• An examination of the cell, inheritance, ecology, human biology, the diversity of life and evolutionary theory. Emphasis is given to understanding central concepts and to the process of science. Attention is also given to the relationships between biology and Christian faith and practice. It provides foundational understandings for general education and liberal studies.

DRA 355: Creative Drama (3 units)

• This course equips people to lead others in process-oriented creative drama activities, including theater games, group improvisation, storytelling and related performance forms.

ENV 150: Introduction to Environmental Studies (4 units)

• An interdisciplinary study of the relationships between people and their environment. The use of natural resources, environmental degradation and human population are examined from ecological, social and religious perspectives.

HIST 150: American Civilization (4 units)

• A study of the development of American culture and society from the colonial period to the present. Major themes and events are examined within the context of America's geography, religious and immigrant heritage and sociopolitical development. (This course meets the U.S. Constitution requirement for teaching credential candidates.)

HIST 360: Greece: Drama and Paideia in the Polis (4 units)

• Investigate the cultural, intellectual, political and social history of Greece from Homer to Alexander through the analysis of numerous literary sources, including mythologies, poetry, drama, history and philosophy. The class will engage in a number of projects from papers to dramatic assignments, to help achieve course objectives.

HIST 365: Rome: Politics, Pagans, Patristics (4 units)

• Explores the history of Rome from the beginning of the Republic to the fall of the Empire in the West in 476. Of particular interest will be the Christianization of the Roman Empire, pagan and Christian interaction and the development of patristic thought regarding "culture."

HIST 370: Medieval Life, Thought and Literature (4 units)

• A study of the history, culture and intellectual life of the medieval world through various writings from Late Antiquity to the High Middle Ages. Topics include encounters with "others," the medieval notion of the mind's road to God, kingship, chivalric life and romance, philosophical and alliterative poetry, allegory as both literature and interpretive technique, crusade, plague and mysticism. Readings range through the centuries, from Boethius to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.

HIST 375: The Renaissance and English Literature (4 units)

• Through readings in the humanist literature of Italy and England, this course covers the development of the early modern outlook from Petrarch through the English Renaissance ending with Milton. Thought patterns, ideas and typical genre are examined including the literature of the court; use and appreciation of the classics; epic, sonnet, pastoral and Italianate drama; the poetry of religious experience; and the distinctive character of the Christian humanist tradition in thought and poetry.

HIST 380: Reformation History and Theology (4 units)

• A study of the Age of Reform from the mid-14th century through the reformations of the 16th century. It covers ecclesial, theological and spiritual movements, as well as the various issues that arise for patterns of life in broader society. Included are the reformers' approaches to the interpretation of scripture, the church and state.

HIST 385: Early Modern Europe (4 units)

• A study of society and culture during the period of absolutism and revolution. This will be accomplished through an analysis of major literary documents of the period. Attention is given to the multifaceted role of religion during these centuries.

HIST 393: Twentieth Century Western Thought (3 units)

• Western philosophy and intellectual history of the 20th century. Topics include logical positivism, philosophy of language, post-Newtonian philosophy of science, status of the Other, neo-pragmatism, and global ethics. Readings include Shelley, Conrad, Ayer, Wittgenstein, Levinas, Kuhn, Rorty and Nussbaum.

HIST 395: Modern Europe (4 units)

• The past 200 years of European history can be seen as a tragic cycle of revolution and reaction. Unhinged from the traditions of monarchy and church, European societies sought their replacement in total solutions, whether political, cultural or religious. At the same time, prosperity and domination of the earth's resources (both human and material) were never greater. This course will treat both the apex and the depths of this civilization.

HIST 440: California History and Politics (4 units)

• California is often viewed as the "trendsetter" for the rest of the nation. This course seeks to explain why by acquainting students with the social, cultural, economic and political development of California from early settlement to the present. At the same time, it familiarizes them with the state's current political system and the politics that surround it. (Meets the California history and government requirement for teaching credential candidates.)

HIST 450: History of Political Theory and Ideas (3 units)

• Survey of political theorizing and the development of ideas on politcal order from ancient Greece, Rome and China, Jewish and Christian theology, Medieval thinkers, and the development of early-modern and modern political philosophy. Readings include Plato, Aristotle, Han Fei Tzu, biblical authors, medieval philosophers, Locke, Hobbes, Marx and American political philosophers.

KIN 460: Elementary Physical Education Methods (3 units)

LA 380: Learning Communities (1 unit)

• A seminar course with two hours per week of field experience that will focus on learning communities of elementary educational systems. The course will involve analysis and evaluation of classroom observations in relation to academic studies of the multiple subject programs.

LANG 310: First and Second Language Acquisition (3 units)

• An introduction to the ways human beings acquire a first and second language and the conditions that support acquisition.

LANG 340: Introduction to Linguistics (3 units)

• Language is studied as a system of systems including phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Students also discuss language universals and current usage standards.

LIT 180: Introduction to Literature (3 units)

• A study of outstanding examples of the short story, novel, poetry and drama genres. Designed to introduce the student to the world of literature, to create an appreciation for it and to provide analytical tools for further study.

LIT 415: Shakespeare (3 units)

• A study of seven major plays, including comedies, tragedies and problem plays. Course includes analysis of historical background materials, literary criticism and film adaptations.

LIT 420: English Literature: Romantic and Victorian Literature (3 units)

• A study of selected poetry and fiction from these two periods. Course includes the major Romantic poets and major poets and novelists of the Victorian period.

LIT 425: English Literature: 20th Century Literature (3 units)

• A study of the poetry and short fiction of several major writers from 1900 to the 1960s including W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, Seamus Heaney and others.

LIT 426: English Literature: C.S. Lewis (3 units)

• A study of C.S. Lewis's memoir, fiction, poetry and nonfiction, as well as a biography of his life and the film Shadowlands.

LIT 465: Literature for Children and Young Adults (3 units)

• This course is a survey course in the literature for children from preschool through junior high school. The course is particularly designed to assist teachers and teacher candidates in the selection and use of literature in the classroom.

MATH 132: Arithmetic and Data Analysis (3 units)

• This course is one of the two courses required for liberal studies majors intending to be elementary school teachers. The purpose of the course is to strengthen the students' conceptual understanding of the mathematics taught in the K-7 settings. Topics will include: numeration systems, a variety of algorithmic structures in arithmetic, simple set theory, probability, descriptive statistics, graphical interpretations of data, construction of appropriate graphical structures.

MATH 134: Algebraic Thinking and Geometry (3 units)

• This course is one of the two courses required for liberal studies majors intending to be elementary school teachers. The purpose of the course is to strengthen the students' conceptual understanding of mathematics taught in the K-7 settings. Topics will include: the interplay of algebra and arithmetic, generalization of algorithms from arithmetic to algebra, functions and equations, the hierarchical ordering of operations, basic analytic geometry, elementary geometric ideas of area, perimeter, classification and spatial relationships.

MUS 305: Music in the Classroom (3 units)PE 120: Dance Movement (1 unit)

• Music skills and effective means of teaching them are the subject of this class. A variety of approaches to teaching music, including the Kodaly method, will be explored. Students will learn the basics of reading and performing music. This course fulfills the requirement of the liberal studies major.

PE 120: Dance Movement (1 unit)

PHIL 100: Introduction to Philosophy (3 units)

• This course covers problems and methods of philosophy. Metaphysics, ontology, ethics, logic, political theory, language, and methodology are discussed through reading classic philosophical texts, east and west, ancient and modern. Readings include Socrates, Chuangtzu, James and Navajo philosophy.

PHIL 330: Ancient Philosophy (4 units)

• Studies in the history of Western thought and attempts to understand the world by reading Presocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicureans, Stoics, Neoplatonists and St. Augustine.

PHIL 333: Medieval Philosophy (3 units)

• Study of the tradition of thought, characterized by the goal of "faith seeking understanding," from the 4th through the 13th century. Readings include Augustine, Boethius, Pseudo- Dionysius, Anselm, Averroes, Bonaventure, Aquinas and William of Ockham.

PHIL 335: Modern Philosophy (4 units)

• This course covers the history of Western philosophy from 1600 to 1900. Readings include Descartes, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Marx, and Nietzsche.

PHYS 105L: Physical Science (4 units)

• An integrative study of the physical sciences, including the history and methods of science, the relationship of scientific truth and biblical truth and the relationship of modern technology to science and its consequences for society.

PHYS 150: Earth Science (3 units)

• This course presents the concepts of the major geological processes affecting the physical earth and helps students appreciate the earth and understand environmental concerns. Exercises in mineral identification are also included.

PSY 120: Introduction to Psychology (3 units)

• The objectives of this course are to present the student with an overview of the facts and issues of the discipline, to examine the relationship of psychology to religion and to explore the implications of the subject matter for how we live. Such topics as perception, learning, biofeedback, stress, normality, therapy and community are discussed.

PSY 350: Child Development (3 units)

• A study of the development of the child from conception to adolescence. Topics of development, such as physical, intellectual, social, emotional and moral are studied.

SOC 310: Cultural Communities of California (3 units)

• An examination of the folklore and historical background of the major "parallel" cultural (minority) groups in California, including but not limited to Native American, African American, Hispanic, Pacific Islander and other Asian American populations. Though special attention is given to cultural groups students come into contact with, national and global, social and cultural issues are explored to enhance their understanding of the similarities and differences among the diverse groups in society. SOC 482 must be taken simultaneously if this is being used to meet a focus series requirement.

SOC 410: American Ethnicity and Pluralism (3 units)

• A study of the history of immigration, racism, discrimination and assimilation in American society. The experiences of various ethnic groups in America from the nation's founding to the present are examined and the rise of pluralism as the current model for structuring ethnic diversity in American institutional life is explored. SOC 482 must be taken simultaneously if this course is being used to meet a Focus Series requirement.